ISW assessed that footage published on October 2 showing Russian forces operating in front of the train station in Kupyansk-Vuzlovyi was likely modified or AI-altered to support Russian claims of advance.

Russian forces were purportedly operating in front of the train station in Kupyansk-Vuzlovyi (north of Kupyansk), according to footage originally published on October 2 and later deleted. ISW has reason to assess that the footage may have been modified or AI-altered.

The third member of the agent network was an employee of a local defense enterprise who guided strikes against the defense enterprise where she worked.

The agent rented out an apartment to Ukrainian servicemen and elicited information from them about the locations of military units and their movements.