Russian hostilities have devastated Ukrainian black soil, creating over 2 million craters and contaminating the ground with heavy metals like lead, copper, and mercury. In Kharkiv Oblast, one field alone contains over 2,000 craters per square kilometer, turning agricultural land into unusable 'deadland'.

About 2.5 million craters from explosions were left on the territory of Vietnam at the end of the Vietnam War.

Russian occupying forces have been devastating Ukrainian soil on the spot.

Environmentalists estimated more than 2,000 craters per one square kilometre in a field in Izium district (Kharkiv Oblast).

Soil from a shell crater in a schoolyard in Mykolaiv Oblast contained over 600 milligrams of lead per kilogram, approximately 20 times the maximum permissible concentration.

Soil samples from a missile crater in a forest in Mykolaiv Oblast contained copper concentrations exceeding normal levels by over a hundred times.

Shelling resulted in damage to residential buildings, civilian enterprises, private houses, power lines, and power grids across multiple districts.